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Israel Shahak ((ヘブライ語:ישראל שחק); born Himmelstaub, April 28, 1933 – July 2, 2001) was a Polish-born Holocaust survivor and Israeli professor of chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, known especially as a liberal〔Warschawski (2001).〕 secular political thinker, author, and civil rights activist. Between 1970–1990, he was president of the Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights and was an outspoken critic of the Israeli government. Shahak's writings on Judaism have been a source of widespread controversy. ==Biography== Born in Warsaw, Poland,〔("'The Life of Death': An Exchange" By Israel Shahak, (with a) Reply by Timothy Garton Ash ), ''The New York Review of Books'', Volume 34, Number 1, January 29, 1987. Quote from Shahak: "I was born in Warsaw (the subject of a large part of the essay) and was in the Warsaw Ghetto almost till the end;"〕 Shahak was the youngest child of a cultured, religious, pro-Zionist, Ashkenazi Jewish family.〔Adams (2001). "Born in 1933 into a cultured Jewish family in Warsaw,".〕 During German occupation of Poland, his family was forced into the Warsaw Ghetto. His brother escaped and joined the Royal Air Force. His mother paid a poor Catholic family to hide him, but when her money ran out he was returned. In 1943 he and his family were sent to the Poniatowa concentration camp, near Lublin, where his father died. Israel and his mother managed to escape and returned to Warsaw, but within the year, they were both sent to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. Shahak was liberated from the camp in 1945, and shortly thereafter emigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine, where he wanted to join a kibbutz, but was turned down as "too weedy".〔Pallis (2001). "After setbacks - he was rejected as 'too weedy' when he volunteered for a kibbutz - he became a model citizen."〕 From age 12, Shahak cared for and provided economic support for his mother who survived the Nazi camp in very poor physical condition. After a period of learning in a religious boarding school in Kfar Hassidim, he moved with his mother to Tel Aviv. After graduating from high school, Shahak served in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in an elite regiment.〔Pallis (2001).〕 After completing service with the IDF, he attended Hebrew University where he received his doctorate in chemistry. He became an assistant to Ernst David Bergmann, the chair of Israel's Atomic Energy Commission.〔Adams (2001).〕 In 1961, Shahak left Israel for the United States to study as a postdoctoral student at Stanford University. He returned two years later to become a popular teacher and researcher in chemistry at Hebrew University, and also became politically active.〔 He published many scientific papers, mostly on organic fluorine compounds〔Science Citation Index〕 and contributed to cancer research. He remained at Hebrew University until he retired in 1990 because of concerns about his diabetes and desire to do other work.〔Mezvinsky (2001), p. 11.〕 For most of his adult life, Shahak lived in the Rehavia neighborhood of West Jerusalem. He died in Jerusalem at age 68 due to complications from diabetes and was buried in the Givat Shaul cemetery.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Israel Shahak」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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